Introductions Necessary

Since 2014 Dr. Joanna Haigh has been the co-director of the Grantham Institute for Climate Change at Imperial College. Image: Carbon Brief (CC BY-SA 4.0). Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Stricken by polio at the age of three, Dr. Florence Seibert turned to academics because she couldn’t go out and dance and play like other children. Image: Wikimedia. Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Dr. Mildred Dresselhaus, known as the Queen of Carbon Chemistry, has been a trailblazer since her early days. Image: Pete Souza/US White House Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Dr. Chiaki Mukai was already an established cardiac surgeon when she became the first Japanese woman to go to space. Image: Wikimedia. Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Dr. Nettie Stevens’ career as a geneticist wasn’t very long, lasting only about 11 years, but in that short time she was able to make huge strides in understanding genetic traits. Image: Wikimedia. Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Engineer, artist, and inventor Ayah Bdeir has focused her career on democratizing hardware to make education and innovation more accessible. Image: Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED). Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

When it was suggested that Marie Curie’s husband had actually been the one to discover the element radium Hertha Ayrton, a friend and colleague, quickly and publicly came to Curie’s defense stating, “errors are notoriously hard to kill, but an error that ascribes to a man what was actually the work of a woman has more lives than a cat.” And she would know as she often faced the same misattribution of credit being given to her husband. Image via the Jewish Women's Archive. Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Mary Walker trained as a surgeon, volunteered for the Union Army in the Civil War, and is the only woman to have been awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. Image: Wikimedia. Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Dr. Christine Darden has said of her success as an engineer at NASA, "I was able to stand on the shoulders of those women who came before me, and women who came after me were able to stand on mine." Image: NASA. Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

It was believed that the polio virus directly attacked the central nervous system until Dr. Dorothy Horstmann made a groundbreaking discovery about the mechanism involved with the spread of Polio in the body. Image Courtesy of PolioPlace Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

On July 1st, 1999 Dr. Shirley Ann Jackson became president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and since then she has transformed the oldest technical research university in the United States. Image: World Economic Forum (CC BY-SA 2.0 DEED) Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

As an unmarried woman in Victorian England, Marianne North rejected the roles of wife and homemaker. She also rejected the conventions that biological specimens should be painted out of context on simple white backgrounds. Image: Wikimedia. Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Organic medicinal chemist Jeanette Brown is also a historian, author, and advocate for increasing diversity in science. Image: Science History Institute (CC BY-SA 3.0). Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Dr. Pamela Silver is one of the founders of the emerging field of synthetic biology – an interdisciplinary combination of biology and engineering. But before she was part of creating new scientific fields she was making her mark in other disciplines. Image Courtesy of WYSS Institute. Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Dr. Barbara Rothbaum is a pioneer in the use of virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of various psychological disorders, specializing in research and treatment of patients with anxiety disorders, focusing primarily on PTSD. Image Courtesy of Emory University. Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

A professor at Columbia University told Eugenie Clark, “If you do finish, you will probably get married, have a bunch of kids, and never do anything in science after we have invested our time and money in you." After 7 decades of field work with over 175 publications – and raising 4 children – Clark proved him wrong. Image Courtesy of Mote Marine Laboratory & Aquarium. Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Dr. Mary Styles Harris has spent her career combining her knowledge as a genetics researcher with a drive to provide health care information to minority populations. Image Courtesy of The History Makers. Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Dr. Amy F.T. Arnsten leads the Arnsten Lab, studying neuroscience at Yale School of Medicine. Image Courtesy of Yale School of Medicine Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Dr. Cynthia Rosenzweig has used her expertise in climatology to help study the impact of climate change on agriculture and cities. Image: United Nations University in Bonn (CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED). Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms

Dr. Yvonne Pendleton has spent her career helping us to understand our place in the universe. Image: NASA. Sources and additional reading are available at https://introductionsnecessary.com Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ninehourfilms